An investigation into the molecular basis of sickle cell disease
This unit will introduce students to the genetic disease, sickle cell anemia. Students will analyze and develop questions about the disease while looking at blood smear for healthy and sickle patients.
Throughout the unit, students will analyze pieces of evidence (collected and provided data sets) to answer their questions and eventually come to understand the mechanism of sickle cell anemia.
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Learning Objectives
Amino acids and protein structures
Transcription and translation
Function of red blood cells
How changes in DNA lead to phenotypic outcomes and diseases
The symptoms and mechanism of sickle cell anemia
Ask scientific questions about images of two provided blood smears
Interpret data about the blood cell counts for both of the provided samples
Demonstrate how a change in DNA causes a change to the protein it codes for
Use a model of hemoglobin to assess how a change to an amino acid affects protein function
Conduct an investigation to determine how blood cell shape can affect blood flow
Construct an explanation based on evidence for why sickled red blood cells differ from normal red blood cells
Standards Alignments + Connections
HS-LS1-1: Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
B.6A: identify components of DNA, identify how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA, and examine scientific explanations for the origin of DNA
B.6E: identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes
Italics denote aspects of the standard not covered in the activity bundle.
Introductory Phenomenon
Students are introduced to these two blood smears and develop initial questions.
(Download Both Images Above)
Questions may include:
Why are there more red blood cells in sample 1 than in sample 2?
Why are there more white blood cells in sample 2 than in sample 1?
Why are there red blood cells that aren’t circles in sample 2?
Activities to Gather Evidence
Learning about the Patient:
Students are provided a patient description for Patient 2. This will give students insight into the symptoms the patient is experiencing.
Students watch the Macmillan Cancer Support video “What are blood cells?” (1:40) to learn about the function of red blood cells. Students are asked what new questions they have about the patient after gathering this information.
Analyzing the Difference Between Cell Counts for Healthy and Sickle Patients
Students are given blood count data about the samples. Students are asked to analyze data comparing sickle patients to controls. Students then provide a diagnosis for Patient 2.
Students examine the genetic sequence for 2 different types of hemoglobin. Students transcribe and translate each sequence to determine how the sequence change results in a change in charge.
Understanding How Sickling Effects Red Blood Cell Function
Students will be able to test the effects of this new shape at home using different shaped candies and racing them through tubes of different diameters.
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